Prekonomian Indonesia
PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA
SISTEM EKONOMI INDONESIA
Disusun
Oleh:
Aini Zulfah
Kelas:
1EB16
NPM:
20217369
UNIVERSITAS
GUNADARMA
2017/2018
1.
Definition
of Systems
Ø By language
Systems is An organized, purposeful structure that
consists of interrelated and interdependent elements (components, entities,
factors, members, parts etc.). These elements continually influence one another
(directly or indirectly) to maintain their activity and the existence of the
system, in order to achieve the goal of the system.
Ø By to professional
·
Shrode
dan Voich, Jr
(1974: 122)
System is a set of interrelated parts, working
independently and jointly, in pursuit of common objectives of the whole, within
a complex environment.
·
Advanced
Learner's Dictionary in Sukarna
(1977:13)
System is a group of facts ideas, beliefs etc
arranged in an orderly way; as a system of philosophy.
·
W.J.S Poewadarminta
System is a group of parts that work together to do
something activity.
2.
Economic
Systems, Politic Systems and Relationship of both of them
Ø Economicc Systems
·
By
language
Economic Systems is a refereed journal
for the analysis of causes and consequences of the significant institutional
variety prevailing among all developed, developing, emerging, and transition
economies, as well as attempts at and proposals for their reform.
·
By
professional
o According to Loucks
Definition of
economic system is that it consist of those institutions which a given people
or nation or group of nations has chosen or accepted as the means through which
resources are utilized for the satisfaction of human wants.
o According to Gruchy
It is an evolving
pattern or complex of human relations which is concerned with the disposal of
scarce resources for the purchase of satisfying various private and public
needs for goods and services.
Ø Politic Systems
Each society must
have a political system in order to maintain recognized procedures for
allocating valued resources. In large complex societies, many decisions must be
made about the duties and responsibilities of citizens and also about the
rights and privileges.
If the society is
to be orderly, people must obey the rules that are made. The political
institution determines and enforces the laws and punishes those who disobey
them.
Ø Relationship of Economic&Politic Systems
These two opposing
forms of government and two opposing economic systems determine the quality of
the lives of those who live under them. But first, some definitions:
·
Democracy
A government in
which the supreme power is held by the people.
·
Totalitarianism
A government in
which the people are subordinate to the state, which imposes strict control
over all aspects of life.
·
Capitalism
An economic system
in which ownership of land, the means of production and distribution, and the
exchange of wealth is held by individuals and corporations.
·
Socialism
An economic system
based on common ownership of these elements.
Nations can be
based on any combination of these forms of government and economic systems.
3.
Capitalism and Sosialism
Ø Capitalism
Capitalism is an
economic system where the means of production are owned by private individuals.
"Means of production" refers to resources including money and other
forms of capital. Under a capitalist economy, the economy runs through
individuals who own and operate private companies. Decisions over the use of
resources are made by the individual or individuals who own the company.
Ø Sosialism
Socialism is an
economic system where the means of production, such as money and other forms of
capital, are owned by the state or public. Under a socialist system, everyone
works for wealth that is in turn distributed to everyone. Under capitalism, you
work for your own wealth. A socialist economic system operates on the premise
that what is good for one is good for all. Everyone works for their own good
and for the good of everyone else. The government decides how wealth is
distributed among the people.
4.
Controlled Competition
Controlled competition is a planned and controlled competition by
governments to avoid unhealthy competition in certain goods markets by opening
business priorities, including business location priorities, for example by
announcing a negative list of investments (DNI).
5.
The Degree of Capitalism and Sosialism
The elements of capitalism and socialism are contained in the economic
organization of Indonesia. There are 2 approaches to see the level of each of
these systems, by:
Factual-Structural
Approach is to examine the role of government or the State in the structure of
the economy.Historical approach is to trace how the nation's economy
siorganisasikan from time to time.
To regulate the level of government involvement in the economy with a
factual-structural approach, the Aggregate Keynesian Equation is used:
Y = C + I + G + (X - M)
In using the above formula specified according to the use or the
perpetrators sector. This similarity is the formula for calculating national
income with an expenditure approach.
6.
Example Case of Economic Systems
BUMN That Suffered Losses Threatened To Be Closed
Wednesday,
31 January, 2018 | 09:28 WIB
TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - The Parliament is looking for a way
out regarding the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) that could not give profit
anymore to the state. Members of the House of Representatives, Bambang Haryo,
said that the Commission VI or BUMN will discuss specifically the solution for
companies that loses its performance. Previously, members of Commission VI
along with the Deputy of Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises of the
Restructuring and Business Development Field, Aloysius K. Ro, held a Hearing
Meeting (RDP) on performance. Aloysius was accompanied by directors of PT
Bahana Pembinaan Usaha Indonesia (Persero), PT Kliring Berjangka Indonesia
(Persero), PT Superintending Company of Indonesia (Persero) or Sucofindo, and
PT Surveyor Indonesia (Persero).
According to schedule, Commission VI
will hold RDP again with five other BUMN. They are PT Perusahaan Pengelola Aset
(Persero), PT Survai Air Penas (Persero), PT Iglas (Persero), PT Industri
Sandang Nusantara (Persero), and PT Kertas Leces (Persero). But the RDP was
postponed because it is considered that they could not explain the aspects of
company performance. “We will try to empowered the companies again, if it is
not feasible enough, then it must be closed,” Bambang said.
Furthermore, Bambang will not accept if
there are investors, especially foreign investors, if they are interested in
giving a fund injection or acquire the losing BUMN. The parliament will look
for the right scheme to find a solution for a company that is considered to be
no longer visible. The Deputy of the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN)
Aloysius K. Ro considered that the RDP is irrelevant to the Asset Management
Company, Survai Udara Penas, Iglas, Nusantara Clothing Industry, and Kertas
Leces.
According to Aloysius, of the five
companies, only the Asset Management Company still considered as ‘healthy’. The
other four are said to be ‘sick.’ “The ‘sick’ ones cannot be asked about the
performance, to make it stay alive is a hard thing to do, so I ask for time
(for the RDP to be postponed),” he said.
Besides financial and operational
issues, there is a sector of technological development factors that trigger the
company's production continues to decline. One of them is Kertas Leces.
“Globally the use of paper is getting lower,” he said. Ministry of BUMN will
look for a proper restructuring scheme for the losing BUMN. The scheme will be
offered to the BUMN Commission.
Last year, the Ministry of BUMN noted that the number of BUMN
that suffered losses until the first half of 2017 reached 24 companies. The
number decreased from 27 companies in the first half of 2016. Until the end of
2017, it was 13 companies.
Analysis
What :The State-Owned Enterprises
(BUMN) that could not give profit anymore to the state.
Who : The State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN)
When : Since 2016 until now.
Where : Jakarta
Why : The
Ministry of BUMN noted that the number of BUMN that suffered losses until the
first half of 2017 reached 24 companies. The number decreased from 27 companies
in the first half of 2016. Until the end of 2017, it was 13 companies.
How : Members
of the House of Representatives, Bambang Haryo, said that the Commission VI or
BUMN will discuss specifically the solution for companies that loses its
performance. Previously, members of Commission VI along with the Deputy of Ministry
of State-Owned Enterprises of the Restructuring and Business Development Field,
Aloysius K. Ro, held a Hearing Meeting (RDP) on performance. Aloysius was
accompanied by directors of PT Bahana Pembinaan Usaha Indonesia (Persero), PT
Kliring Berjangka Indonesia (Persero), PT Superintending Company of Indonesia
(Persero) or Sucofindo, and PT Surveyor Indonesia (Persero).
REFERENCE
https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2018/01/31/056915321/BUMN-That-Suffered-Losses-Threatened-To-Be-Closed
Komentar
Posting Komentar